The most obvious difference between the two protocols is the length of their source and destination addresses. The whole point of making the switch to IPv6 is to compensate for a global shortage of IP addresses. It only makes sense that the IPv6 protocol has a larger address space than the IPv4 protocol does.
The IPv4 protocol uses a 32-bit source and destination address. These addresses are typically represented as a series of four octets. As I’m sure you know, a typical IPv4 address looks something like this: 192.168.0.1.
In contrast, an IPv6 address is 128 bits in length. This allows for a total of 3.4×1038 (or 340,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) addresses. There are several different ways of representing an IPv6 address. An IPv6 address is normally written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, each separated by colons. For example, an IPv6 address looks like this: 2001:0f68:0000:0000:0000:0000:1986:69af
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